Islet Cell Tumors of the Pancreas

Clinical, Radiologic, and Pathologic Correlation in Diagnosis and Localization

Abstract Introduction and Historical Perspective Clinical Features

Pathologic and Histologic Features Radiologic Features Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis

Summary Source Information References

References

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2. Solcia E, Sessa F, Findi G. Classification and histogenesis of gastroenteropancreatic endocrine tumors. Eur J Clin Invest 1990; 20:572-596.
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3. Buetow PC, Parrino TV, Buck JL, et al. Islet cell tumors of the pancreas: pathologic-imaging correlation among size, necrosis and cysts, calcification, malignant behavior, and functional status. AJR 1995; 165:1175-1179.
Return to: Introduction and Historical Perspective | Clinical Features | Differential Diagnosis | Treatment and Prognosis

4. Miller DL. Islet cell tumors of the pancreas: diagnosis and localization. In: Freeny PC, Stevenson GW, eds. Margulis and Burhenne's alimentary tract radiology. 5th ed. Chicago, Ill: Mosby-Year Book, 1994; 1167-1196.
Return to: Introduction and Historical Perspective | Clinical Features | Pathologic and Histologic Features | Radiologic Features | Treatment and Prognosis

5. Zollinger RM, Ellison EH. Primary peptic ulcerations of the jejunum associated with islet cell tumors of the pancreas. Ann Surg 1955; 142:709-719.
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6. Solcia E, Sessa F, Rindl G, Bonato M, Capella C. Pancreatic endocrine tumors: non-functioning tumors and tumors with uncommon function. In: Dayal Y, ed. Endocrine pathology of the gut and pancreas. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC, 1991; 105-131.
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7. Watson RGP, Johnston CF, O'Hare NMT. The frequency of gastrointestinal endocrine tumors in a well-defined population: Northern Ireland 1970-1985. Q J Med 1989; 72:647-657.
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25. Fedorak IJ, Ko TC, Gordon D, Flisak M, Prinz RA. Localization of islet cell tumors of the pancreas: a review of current techniques. Surgery 1993; 113:242-249.
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27. Rothmund M. Localization of endocrine pancreatic tumours. Br J Surg 1994; 81:164-166.
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28. Pisegna JR, Doppman JL, Norton JA, Metz DC, Jensen RT. Prospective comparative study of ability of MR imaging and other imaging modalities to localize tumors in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Dig Dis Sci 1993; 38: 1318-1328.
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31. Virgolini L, Raderer M, Kurtaran A. Vasoactive intestinal peptide-receptor imaging for the localization of intestinal adenocarcinomas and endocrine tumors. N Engl J Med 1994; 331: 1116-1121.
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33. Scherubl H, Bader M, Fett U. Somatostatin-receptor imaging of neuroendocrine gastroenteropancreatic tumors. Gastroenterology 1993; 105:1705-1709.
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34. Weinel RJ, Neuhaus C, Stapp J. Preoperative localization of gastrointestinal endocrine tumors using somatostatin-receptor scintigraphy with octreotide. Q J Med 1994; 87:83-88.
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35. Kvols LK. Somatostatin-receptor imaging of human malignancies: a new era in the localization, staging, and treatment of tumors (editorial). Gastroenterology 1993; 105:1909-1911.
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36. Palazzo L, Roseau G, Salmeron M. Endoscopic ultrasonography in the preoperative localization of pancreatic endocrine tumors. Endoscopy 1992; 24:350-353.
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44. Bressler EL, Alpern MB, Glazer GM, Francis IR, Ensminger WD. Hypervascular hepatic metastases: CT evaluation. Radiology 1987; 162: 49-51.
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45. Chomyn JJ, Stamm ER, Thickman D. CT of melanoma liver metastases: is the examination without contrast media superfluous? J Comput Assist Tomogr 1992; 16:568-571.
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47. Smelka RC, Ascher SM. MR imaging of the pancreas. Radiology 1993; 188:593-602.
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48. Smelka RC, Cumming MJ, Shoenut JP. Islet cell tumors: comparison of dynamic contrast-enhanced CT and MR imaging with dynamic gadolinium enhancement and fat suppression. Radiology 1993; 186:799-802.
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50. Lamberts SWJ, Hofland LJ, de Herder WW, Kwekkeboom DJ, Reubi JC, Krenning EP. Octreotide and related somatostatin analogs in the diagnosis and treatment of pituitary disease and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy. Neuroendocrinology 1993; 14:27-55.
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51. van Eyck CHJ, Bruining HA, Reubi J. Use of isotope-labelled somatostatin analogs for visualization of islet cell tumors. World J Surg 1993; 17:444-447.
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52. Gibril F, Reynolds JC, Doppman JL, et al. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy: its sensitivity compared with that of other imaging methods in detecting primary and metastatic gastrinomas-a prospective study. Ann Intern Med 1996; 125:26-34.
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53. Andersson T, Eriksson B, Hemmingsson A, Lindgren PG, Oberg K. Angiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasonography in detection of liver metastases from endocrine gastrointestinal tumours. Acta Radiol 1987; 28:535-539.
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55. Imamura M, Takahashi K, Adachi H. Usefulness of selective arterial secretin injection test for localization of gastrinoma in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Ann Surg 1987; 205:230-239.
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56. Imamura M, Takahashi K. Use of selective arterial secretin injection test to guide surgery in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. World J Surg 1993; 17:433-438.
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57. Thom AK, Norton JA, Doppman JL, Miller DL, Chang R, Jensen RT. Prospective study of the use of intraarterial secretin injection and portal venous sampling to localize duodenal gastrinomas. Surgery 1992; 112:1002-1009.
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58. Doppman JL, Miller DL, Chang R, Gorden P, Eastman RC, Norton JA. Intraarterial stimulation test for detection of insulinomas. World J Surg 1993; 17:439-443.
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59. Brunt LM, Veldhuis JD, Dilley WG. Stimulation of insulin secretion by a rapid intravenous calcium infusion in patients with B-cell neoplasms of the pancreas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1986; 62:210-216.
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60. Kent RB, van Heerden, Weiland LH. Non-functioning islet cell tumors. Ann Surg 1981; 193:185-190.
Return to: Differential Diagnosis

61. Thompson GB, van Heerden JA, Grant CS. Islet cell carcinomas of the pancreas: a twenty-year experience. Surgery 1988; 104:1011-1017.
Return to: Differential Diagnosis | Treatment and Prognosis

62. Klein KA, Stephens SH, Welch TJ. Imaging of metastatic disease to the pancreas (abstr). Radiology 1995; 197(P):501.
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63. Buetow PC, Buck JL, Pantongrag-Brown L, Beck KG, Ros PR, Adair CF. Solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm of the pancreas: imaging-pathologic correlation in 56 cases. Radiology 1996; 199:707-711.
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65. Miller DL. Endocrine angiography and venous sampling. Radiol Clin North Am 1993; 31: 1051-1067.
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66. Bakker WH, Krenning EP, Breeman W. In vivo use of a radioiodinated somatostatin analogue: dynamics, metabolism, and binding to somatostatin receptor-positive tumors in man. J Nucl Med 1991; 32:1184-1190.
Return to: Treatment and Prognosis

Abstract Introduction and Historical Perspective Clinical Features

Pathologic and Histologic Features Radiologic Features Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis

Summary Source Information References