Archives of the AFIP -- RadioGraphics 1996; 16: 131-148

RadioGraphics

Gestational Trophoblastic Disease

Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation

Abstract

Introduction

Normal And Abnormal Trophoblast

Epidemiologic Characteristics

Hydatidiform Mole

Complete Hydatidiform Mole

Invasive Mole

Choriocarcinoma

Partial Hydatidiform Mole

Placental Site Trophoblastic Disease

Conclusions

Source Information

References

1. Szulman AE. Trophoblastic disease: clinical pathology of hydatidiform moles. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 1988; 15:443-456.
Return to: Introduction | Normal And Abnormal Trophoblast | Partial Hydatidiform Mole

2. Jones HW III. Gestational trophoblastic disease. In: Jones HW III, Wentz AC, Burnett LS, eds. Novak's textbook of gynecology. 10th ed. Baltimore, Md: Williams & Wilkins, 1988; 863- 893.
Return to: Introduction | Epidemiologic Characteristics | Hydatidiform Mole | Complete Hydatidiform Mole | Invasive Mole | Choriocarcinoma

3. Lewis JL. Diagnosis and management of gestational trophoblastic disease. Cancer 1993; 71: 1639-1647.
Return to: Introduction | Choriocarcinoma | Partial Hydatidiform Mole

4. Conran RM, Hitchcock CL, Popek EJ, et al. Diagnostic considerations in molar gestations. Hum Pathol 1993; 24:41-48.
Return to: Introduction

5. Silverberg SG, Kurman RJ. Gestational trophoblastic disease. In: Rosai J, Sobin LH, eds. Atlas of tumor pathology: tumors of the uterine corpus and gestational trophoblastic disease, fasc 3, ser 3. Washington, DC: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, 1992; 219-285.
Return to: Normal And Abnormal Trophoblast | Placental Site Trophoblastic Disease

6. Bagshawe KD. Choriocarcinoma: a model for tumour markers. Acta Oncol 1992; 31:99-106.
Return to: Normal And Abnormal Trophoblast | Complete Hydatidiform Mole | Invasive Mole | Choriocarcinoma | Placental Site Trophoblastic Disease

7. Mazur MT, Kurman RJ. Gestational trophoblastic disease and related lesions. In: Kurman RJ, ed. Blaustein's pathology of the female genital tract. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag, 1994; 1049-1092.
Return to: Epidemiologic Characteristics | Hydatidiform Mole | Placental Site Trophoblastic Disease

8. Grimes DA. Epidemiology of gestational trophoblastic disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1984; 150:309-318.
Return to: Epidemiologic Characteristics

9. Schlaerth JB. Tumors of the placental trophoblast. In: Morrow CP, Curtin JP, Townsend DE, eds. Synopsis of gynecologic oncology. 4th ed. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone, 1993; 311-350.
Return to: Epidemiologic Characteristics | Complete Hydatidiform Mole | Invasive Mole | Choriocarcinoma

10. Buckley JD. The epidemiology of molar pregnancy and choriocarcinoma. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1984; 27:153-159.
Return to: Epidemiologic Characteristics | Choriocarcinoma

11. Driscoll SG. Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia: surgical pathologic considerations with clinical emphasis. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1984; 27:160-171.
Return to: Hydatidiform Mole | Invasive Mole | Choriocarcinoma | Partial Hydatidiform Mole

12. Hussain S, Ansari A. Ultrasonic patterns in trophoblastic disease. Clin Radiol 1982; 33: 593-597.
Return to: Complete Hydatidiform Mole

13. Callen PW. Ultrasound evaluation of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. In: Callen PW, ed. Ultrasonography in obstetrics and gynecology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders, 1994; 615-624.
Return to: Complete Hydatidiform Mole | Partial Hydatidiform Mole

14. Vejerslev LO. Clinical management and diagnostic possibilities in hydatidiform mole with coexistent fetus. Obstet Gynecol Surg 1991; 46:577-588.
Return to: Complete Hydatidiform Mole

15. Ritchie WGM. Ultrasound evaluation of normal and induced ovulation. In: Callen PW, ed. Ultrasonography in obstetrics and gynecology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders, 1994; 569- 585.
Return to: Complete Hydatidiform Mole

16. Twiggs LB. Nonneoplastic complications of molar pregnancy. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1984; 27:199-210.
Return to: Complete Hydatidiform Mole

17. Taylor KJ, Schwartz PE, Kohorn EI. Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia: diagnosis with Doppler ultrasound. Radiology 1987; 165:445-448.
Return to: Invasive Mole

18. Caspi B, Elchalal U, Dgani R, Ben-Hur H, Rozenman D, Nissim F. Invasive mole and placental site trophoblastic tumor: two entities of gestational trophoblastic disease with a common ultrasonographic appearance. J Ultrasound Med 1991; 10:517-519.
Return to: Invasive Mole | Placental Site Trophoblastic Disease

19. Mangili G, Spagnola D, Valsecchi L, Maggi R. Transvaginal ultrasonography in persistent trophoblastic tumor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993; 169:1218-1223.
Return to: Invasive Mole

20. Schneider DF, Bukovsky I, Weinraub Z, Golan A, Caspi E. Transvaginal ultrasound diagnosis and treatment follow-up of invasive gestational trophoblastic disease. J Clin Ultrasound 1990; 18:110-113.
Return to: Invasive Mole

21. Desai RK, Desberg AL Diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic disease: value of endovaginal color flow Doppler sonography. AJR 1991; 157:787-788.
Return to: Invasive Mole

22. Carter J, Fowler J, Carlson J, et al. Transvaginal color flow Doppler sonography in the assessment of gestational trophoblastic disease. J Ultrasound Med 1993; 12:595-599.
Return to: Invasive Mole

23. Kurjak A, Zalud I, Predanic M, Kupesic S. Transvaginal color and pulsed Doppler study of uterine blood flow in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy: normal versus abnormal. J Ultrasound Med 1994; 13:43-47.
Return to: Invasive Mole

24. Achiron R, Goldenberg M, Lipitz S, Mashiach S. Transvaginal duplex Doppler ultrasonography in bleeding patients suspected of having residual trophoblastic tissue. Obstet Gynecol 1993; 81:507-511.
Return to: Invasive Mole

25. Kohorn EI. Evaluation of the criteria used to make the diagnosis of nonmetastatic gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Gynecol Oncol 1993; 48:139-147.
Return to: Invasive Mole | Choriocarcinoma

26. Schlaerth JB. Nonmetastatic gestational trophoblastic neoplasms (editorial). Gynecol Oncol 1993; 48:137.
Return to: Invasive Mole

27. Hricak H, Demas BE, Braga CA, Fisher MR, Winkler ML. Gestational trophoblastic neoplasm of the uterus: MR assessment. Radiology 1986; 161:11-16.
Return to: Invasive Mole

28. Smith DB, Holden L, Newlands ES, Bagshawe KD. Correlation between clinical staging (FIGO) and prognostic groups with gestational trophoblastic disease. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1993; 100:157-160.
Return to: Invasive Mole | Choriocarcinoma

29. Lage JM. The placenta. In: Gompel C, Silverberg SG, eds. Pathology in obstetrics and gynecology. 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott, 1994; 448-514.
Return to: Choriocarcinoma

30. Bagshawe KD. Treatment of high-risk choriocarcinoma. J Reprod Med 1984; 29:813-820.
Return to: Choriocarcinoma | Placental Site Trophoblastic Disease

31. Sanders C, Rubin E. Malignant trophoblastic disease: CT findings. AJR 1987; 148:165-168.
Return to: Choriocarcinoma

32. Abulafia O, Sherer DM, Fultz PJ, Sternberg LB, Angel C. Unusual endovaginal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging of placental site trophoblastic tumor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993; 170:750-752.
Return to: Placental Site Trophoblastic Disease