Thoracic Sarcoidosis

Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation

Abstract Introduction Clinical Features Pathologic Features

Staging Radiologic Characteristics Complications Extrapulmonary Thoracic Manifestations

Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Source Information References

References

1. Bresnitz EA, Strom BL. Epidemiology of sarcoidosis. Epidemiol Rev 1983; 5:124-156.
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2. Johns CJ. Tenth international conference on sarcoidosis and other granulomatous disorders. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1986; 465:1-749.
Return to: Introduction

3. Fishman AP, ed. Pulmonary diseases and disorders. 2nd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1988; 619-644.
Return to: Clinical Features | Pathologic Features | Staging | Radiologic Characteristics | Complications | Extrapulmonary Thoracic Manifestations | Differential Diagnosis | Treatment and Prognosis

4. James DG. Epidemiology of sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis 1992; 9:79-87.
Return to: Clinical Features

5. Sharma OP. Sarcoidosis: clinical, laboratory, and immunologic aspects. Semin Roentgenol 1985; 20:340-355.
Return to: Clinical Features | Pathologic Features | Staging | Radiologic Characteristics | Differential Diagnosis | Treatment and Prognosis

6. Crystal RG. Sarcoidosis. In: Wilson JD, Braunwald E, Esselbacher KJ, et al, eds. Harrison's principles of internal medicine. 13th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1994; 1679-1684.
Return to: Clinical Features | Pathologic Features | Treatment and Prognosis

7. Freiman DG. Pathology of sarcoidosis. Semin Roentgenol 1985; 20:327-339.
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8. Berkman YM. Radiologic aspects of intrathoracic sarcoid. Semin Roentgenol 1985; 20:356-375.
Return to: Clinical Features | Staging | Radiologic Characteristics | Complications | Treatment and Prognosis

9. West JB. The essentials of pulmonary pathophysiology. 3rd ed. Baltimore, Md: Williams & Wilkins, 1987; 59-111.
Return to: Clinical Features | Staging

10. Rosen Y. Sarcoidosis. In: Dail DH, Hammar SP, eds. Pulmonary pathology. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag, 1994; 615-645.
Return to: Pathologic Features

11. Crystal RG, Roberts WC, Hunninghake GW, et al. Pulmonary sarcoidosis: a disease characterized and perpetuated by activated lung T-lymphocytes. Ann Intern Med 1981; 94:73-94.
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12. Fraser RG, Par­ JAP, Par­ PD, Fraser RS, Genereux GP, eds. Diagnosis of diseases of the chest. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders, 1991; 2604-2647.
Return to: Staging | Radiologic Characteristics | Complications

13. Sanguinetti CM, Montroni M, Balbi B, Prete M, Gasparini S, Ross FA. Does activity of pulmonary sarcoidosis depend on disease duration: a correlation between bronchoalveolar lavage, scintigraph, radiologic, and physiologic parameters and time of onset of disease. Sarcoidosis 1987; 4:18-24.
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14. Rockoff SD, Rohatgi PK. Unusual manifestations of thoracic sarcoidosis. AJR 1985; 144:513-528.
Return to: Radiologic Characteristics

15. Conant EF, Glickstein MF, Mahar P, Miller WT. Pulmonary sarcoidosis in the older patient: conventional radiologic features. Radiology 1988; 169:315-319.
Return to: Radiologic Characteristics

16. Heitzman RE, ed. The lung: radiologic-pathologic correlations. 2nd ed. St Louis, Mo: Mosby, 1984; 294-310.
Return to: Radiologic Characteristics

17. Weisbrod GL. Pulmonary angiitis and granulomatosis: a review. J Can Assoc Radiol 1989; 40:127-134.
Return to: Radiologic Characteristics

18. Fisher MR, Christ ML, Burnstein JR. Necrotizing sarcoid-like granulomatosis: radiologic-pathologic correlation. J Can Assoc Radiol 1984; 35:313-315.
Return to: Radiologic Characteristics

19. Leavitt RY, Fauci AS. Pulmonary vasculitis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1986; 134:149-166.
Return to: Radiologic Characteristics

20. Hamper UM, Fishman EK, Khouri NF, Johns CJ, Wang KP, Siegelman SS. Typical and atypical CT manifestations of pulmonary sarcoidosis. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1986; 10:928-936.
Return to: Radiologic Characteristics

21. Müller NL, Kullnig P, Miller RR. The CT findings of pulmonary sarcoidosis: analysis of 25 patients. AJR 1989; 152:1179-1182.
Return to: Radiologic Characteristics

22. Johkoh T, Ikezoe S, Takeuchi N, et al. CT findings in "pseudoalveolar" sarcoidosis. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1992; 16:904-907.
Return to: Radiologic Characteristics

23. Nishimura K, Itoh H, Kitaichi M, Nagai S, Izumi T. Pulmonary sarcoidosis: correlation of CT and histopathologic findings. Radiology 1993; 189:105-109.
Return to: Radiologic Characteristics

24. Bergin C, Roggli V, Coblentz C, Chiles C. The secondary pulmonary lobule: normal and abnormal CT appearances. AJR 1988; 151:21-25.
Return to: Radiologic Characteristics

25. Lynch DA, Webb WR, Gamsu G, Stulbarg M, Golden J. Computed tomography in pulmonary sarcoidosis. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1989; 13:405-410.
Return to: Radiologic Characteristics

26. Brauner MW, Grenier P, Mompoint D, Lenoir S, de Cremoux H. Pulmonary sarcoidosis: evaluation with HRCT. Radiology 1984; 172:467-471.
Return to: Radiologic Characteristics

27. Webb WR, Müller NL, Naidich DP, eds. High resolution CT of the lung. New York, NY: Raven, 1992; 76-87.
Return to: Radiologic Characteristics

28. Müller NL, Mayo JR, Zwirewich CV. Value of MR imaging in evaluation of chronic infiltrative lung diseases: a comparison with CT. AJR 1992; 158:1205-1209.
Return to: Radiologic Characteristics

29. Craig DA, Colletti PM, Ratto D, Gordonson JS, Raval JK, Sharma OP. MRI findings in pulmonary sarcoidosis. Magn Reson Imaging 1988; 6:567-573.
Return to: Radiologic Characteristics

30. Beckerman C, Szidon JP, Pinsky S. The role of gallium-67 in the clinical evaluation of sarcoidosis. Semin Roentgenol 1985; 20:400-409.
Return to: Radiologic Characteristics

31. Abe S. Clinical usefulness of 67-Ga scintigraphy in pulmonary sarcoidosis. Nippon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi 1990; 28:65-66.
Return to: Radiologic Characteristics

32. Myslivecek M, Husak V, Kolek V, Budikova M, Koranda P. Absolute quantitation of gallium-67 citrate accumulation in the lungs and its importance for the evaluation of disease activity in pulmonary sarcoidosis. Eur J Nucl Med 1992; 19:1016-1020.
Return to: Radiologic Characteristics

33. Chiles C, Adams GW, Ravin CE. Radiographic manifestations of cardiac sarcoid. AJR 1985; 145:711-714.
Return to: Complications | Extrapulmonary Thoracic Manifestations | Treatment and Prognosis

34. Wollschlager C, Khan F. Aspergillomas complicating sarcoidosis: a prospective study in 100 patients. Chest 1984; 86:585-588.
Return to: Complications

35. Ratner SJ, Fenoglio JJ Jr, Ursell PC. Utility of endomyocardial biopsy in the diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis. Chest 1986; 90:528-533.
Return to: Complications | Extrapulmonary Thoracic Manifestations

36. Gibbons NJ, Levy RD, Nava S, et al. Subclinical cardiac dysfunction in sarcoidosis. Chest 1991; 100:44-50.
Return to: Complications

37. Tomlinson JR, Sahn SA. Aspergilloma in sarcoid and tuberculosis. Chest 1987; 92:505-508.
Return to: Complications


38. Hunninghake GW, Gilbert S, Pueringer R, et al. Outcome of the treatment of sarcoidosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994; 149:873-898.
Return to: Treatment and Prognosis

39. Sharma O. Pulmonary sarcoidosis and corticosteroids. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993; 147:1598-1600.
Return to: Treatment and Prognosis

Abstract Introduction Clinical Features Pathologic Features

Staging Radiologic Characteristics Complications Extrapulmonary Thoracic Manifestations

Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Source Information References